The utilization of biological processes on farms to produce food and other products useful and necessary to man. To supply land or crops with water by means of pipes, sprinklers, ditches, or streams. Irrigation definition, the artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops. Irrigation water management food and agriculture organization of. Irrigation efficiency definition and types of irrigation. Irrigation water can be pumped from rivers, natural lakes or lakes created by dams, from wells or allowed to flow to the fields by the force of gravity along pipes or open canals types of irrigation. Water and irrigation productivity training, mbeya peak hotel, may 2004. Pressure may be applied manually, such as with a bulb syringe or mechanical device, or by. Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Spray heads at the outlets distribute the water over the entire soil surface. Supplemental irrigation is also vital to produce acceptable quality and yield of crops on croplands in semiarid and subhumid climates during seasonal droughty. These sprinklers have defined streams to minimize drift and can. Irrigation definition is the watering of land by artificial means to foster plant growth.
If the soil is too dry just before irrigation, reduce your figure by 10 mm. Nj1, 062005 nj93 the rate of decrease in soilwater content is an indication of plant water use and evaporation, which can be used to determine when to irrigate and how much to apply. Pdf introduction, systems of irrigation, advantages and disadvantages find, read. Irrigation scheduling an overview sciencedirect topics. Continue this process until you arrive at a suitable figure. Chapter 9 irrigation water management part 652 irrigation guide 210vineh 652, ig amend. Irrigation water high in chloride reduces phosphorus availability to plants. Drip irrigation types, advantages and disadvantages. Necessary for plant growth in small amounts, while high concentrations will inhibit plant growth or be toxic to some plants. Similarly, common understanding or definition of irrigation and related.
To wash out a body cavity or wound with water or a medicated fluid. Irrigation requirements necessary to meet the et needs of a crop depend on the type of crop and growth stage, field soil characteristics, irrigation system type and capacity. Irrigation definition of irrigation by the free dictionary. An historical perspective siltation of ancient dams and reservoirs is a testament to inadequate soil conservation measures that eventually reduced the productivity of the land as well as destroyed the capacity of reservoirs to provide an adequate supply of water 3. This is an expression of the sodium hazard of irrigation water. The method of estimating irrigation scheduling depends on either soil or plant monitoring or soil water balance estimates.
Contractors, architects, designers, and engineers alike can now benefit from a wide spectrum of information that has been gathered from numerous sources and compiled into a single document. Irrigation is when people add water to plants, to help them grow when there is not enough rain. Dizziness was the only side effect reported and was more frequent following irrigation with room temperature solution. In irrigation, these valves are generally installed with the inlet at the bottom of the valve. The ratio of the amount of water available output to the amount of water supplied input is known as irrigation efficiency. Bladder irrigation definition of bladder irrigation by.
Despite the tremendous potential for water conservation, these. Irrigation scheduling can be defined as the process of determining when to irrigate and how much water to apply, based upon measurements or estimates of soil water or water used by the plant asabe, 2007. Last edited in july 2017, the irrigation associations glossary of terms is always in continuing development. Principles and practices of irrigation management for vegetables 3.
Definition of terms see also appendix 1, water cycling terms a transpiration. Principles and practices of irrigation management for. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Irrigation sector guide food and agriculture organization of the. Chapter 2 irrigation water requirements 210vineh, september 1993 2i preface 2i irrigation is vital to produce acceptable quality and yield of crops on arid climate croplands. Hunters handbook of technical irrigation information is a reference guide for all irrigation professionals. Irrigation scheduling is the decision of when and how much water to apply to a field. Irrigation slide 3 unsustainability of irrigation globally, 71% of withdrawn freshwater is used for irrigation rivers dammed to collect irrigation water people living in areas behind the dams are displaced wildlife habitat destroyed irrigation depletes rivers and aquifers irrigation degrades water, soil, and wildlife habitat.
Its purpose is to maximize irrigation efficiencies by applying the exact amount of water needed to replenish the soil moisture to the desired level. Sprinkler irrigation is a method of providing rainfalllike irrigation to the crops. This study refers to irrigation as the process by which water is diverted from a river or pumped from a well and used for the purpose of agricultural production. As the process of agriculture becomes increasingly mechanised, the application of scientific methods and technology to the procedure of irrigation comes as no surprise. Methods of mechanical debridement include the use of wettodry dressings, whirlpool, and wound irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation introduction advantages of sprinkler. The main problem with a high sodium concentration is its effect on the physical properties of soil. Riparwin project ii definitions of terms conventional irrigation efficiency cie is the efficiency of measured using conventional or traditional methods of measuring efficiency.
Glossary of irrigation terms rain bird skip to main content. A parcel of land, containing 4,840 square yards or 43,560 square feet. These foreign bodies can be removed by irrigation or with a curette. Irrigation systems are the mechanisms that allow water to be diverted from its original location and delivered to agricultural fields for the. Defined as the process of supplying water to land by. Rochester, cid certification consultant this document is in continuing development. Wheelmove sprinkler irrigation operation and management pdf. Low volume irrigation is used in agriculture for row crops, orchards, and vineyards.
Chlorides contribute to the total salt salinity content of soils. Both a way of life and a means of life for the people involved in. The following are the various types of irrigation efficiencies. Irrigation water management soilwaterplant relationships effective and efficient irrigation begins with a basic understanding of the relationships among soil, water, and plants. Figure 4f2 illustrates the onfarm hydrologic cycle for irrigated lands, and table 4f1 provides definitions of several terms associated with irrigation. Liquids are spread on fields with tank wagons or irrigation. Principles and practices of irrigation management for vegetables 2 irrigation water quality criteria understanding irrigation water quality is critical for sustainability of vegetable production. Sprinkler irrigation sswm find tools for sustainable. This chapter gives an overview of the methodology used for assessing the irrigation potential and of the different steps followed figure 1. This is the basic concept in scheduling irrigations. Some land requires irrigation or drainage before it can be used for any agricultural production, while other land profits from either practice to increase production. It is the measure of the proportion of sodium to calcium and magnesium in the water. Irrigation water flows from the field channel into the furrows by opening up the bank of the channel, or by means of siphons or spiles see annex 1.
Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. Wastewater in the second stage of a twostage lagoon may be dilute enough for irrigation on growing crops. The terms in this glossary are presented in an effort to provide a foundation for common understanding in communications covering irrigation. Irrigation and drainage, artificial application of water to land and artificial removal of excess water from land, respectively. The spray is developed by the flow of water under pressure through small orifices or nozzles. Similarities in irrigation scheduling and delivery systems between the two settings a whether operating on a garden scale or field scale, irrigation managers need to make decisions about water application rates and type of delivery based on crop needs, weed. Irrigation was used as a means of manipulation of water in the alluvial plains of. Handbook of technical irrigation information university. Three types of controllers exist for use in residential irrigation. Irrigation system definition and meaning collins english.
Sprinkler irrigation introduction in the sprinkler method of irrigation, water is sprayed into the air and allowed to fall on the ground surface somewhat resembling rainfall. Irrigation definition of irrigation by merriamwebster. The water is slowly delivered to the crop root zone by eliminating runoff, evaporation, and drift. Examples of irrigation system in a sentence irrigation system. Irrigation efficiency definition is the ratio between irrigation water actually utilized by growing crops and water diverted from a source as a stream in order to supply such irrigation water. Irrigation simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. You are encouraged to submit definitions along with their source to the irrigation association. Pressure may be applied manually, such as with a bulb syringe or mechanical. The sar is also an index of the sodium permeability hazard as water moves through the soil. As the irrigation engineering field itself has evolved over time, especially within the last five to six decades, basic terminologies used in irrigation and related fields have also undergone some significant changes. The process involves putting water into the colon through the stoma. Basic soil and water resources and irrigation engineering. In some areas of florida, water quality impacts crop productivity more than soil fertility, pest and weed control, variety, and other factors. Irrigation guide acknowledgments part 652, irrigation guide, is an addition to the national engineering handbook series.
Low volume irrigation systems sometimes referred to as drip or trickle irrigation are among the most effective means of achieving significant water savings. Colostomy irrigation is a way to manage bowel movements by emptying the colon at a scheduled time. Chloride is an anion that is commonly found in irrigation water. Three dots at the end of a definition indicate that the definition.
A high degree of automation is possible with some types of irrigation equipment. Deficit irrigation di is an optimization strategy whereby net returns are maximized by reducing the amount of irrigation water. Glossary of irrigation terms version 7117 edited by eugene w. Irrigation definition of irrigation by medical dictionary. Micro irrigation, also called localised irrigation, low volume irrigation, lowflow irrigation, or trickle irrigation is an irrigation method with lower pressure and flow than a traditional sprinkler system. The water storage in a soil must be balanced against plant water use. Drip irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is dripped directly to the root zone of plants. General definitions of terms not used in mathematical equations are not flagged in any way. Irrigation, the addition of water to lands via artificial means, is essential to profit. Reddy irrigation involves the artificial application of water to soil, usually for assisting the growth of crops in dry areas or where there is a shortage of rainfall. The terms in this glossary are presented in an effort to provide a foundation for common. There are many different types of irrigation methods.
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